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CONSTIPATION

Constipation effect people of any age, gender and race most common in people of low socioeconomic class, age more then 60 and women. Constipation effect approx 40 plus million (15% of population) across United State hence make it one of most common problem related to GI. Constipation is common problem in any medical (like fracture, surgery, pain relive medication) and physiological condition (like pregnancy).

WHAT IS CONSTIPATION
Define as infrequent passage of hard, dry, compacted stool which is difficult to pass or painful to pass (If last for several weeks then Chronic constipation). Constipation also define as fewer then three bowel movement for entire week.
SYMPTOMS
  • Straining complain by patient.
  • Sensation of incomplete evacuation of stool.
  • Pain around the anus or abdominal discomfort.
  • bowel movement relieved cramping situation of stomach.
  • In between regular bowel movement diarrhea like stool is there.
  • Bloody stools may be one of complication.
CAUSES OF CONSTIPATION
DIETARY
Lack of fiber and fluid intake is the main problem related to diet because fiber make the stool bulky, softer that is easily pass from colon in addition of fluids to fiber then fibers is more effective. Fiber is key component of any diet if you take low fiber diet as the older adults do (this is because low interest in food, feeling satiety, or problem with chewing or swallowing) this will ultimately lead to constipation.





 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Physical activity is one of the reason of constipation the mechanism behind this is not known yet. Constipation is common in patient after suffering from any trauma or other medical condition which lead to long bed rest.





PREGNANCY
Pregnancy may induced constipation at least half of pregnant women. The cause behind the is increase level of progesterone(hormone); This effect on all body structure including GIT(digestive tract) which relax and ultimately cause slow movement of food from GIT and cause constipation another cause is iron supplementation and growing uterus compress the rectum.





 IRON SUPPLEMENTS
Iron supplementation is necessary for pregnant women and cause the constipation worse.



DEPRESSION
Depression is cause constipation.





 MEDICATION
Some medication cause constipation because direct effect on the GIT i-e Iron supplementation....
IGNORING OF BOWEL MOVEMENT
If you ignore your bowel movement this will lead to large amount of water absorption from colon and renaming food is dry and very difficult to pass from anus and this will lead to constipation.





 STRUCTURAL GI DISORDERS
Major structural disorder like colonic carcinoma, diverticulosis,hirschprung's disease etc effect the GIT.




TREATMENT
1 month trail basis of dietary fiber and/ or laxatives is justified if constipation remain see the doctor for further treatment.


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